Suicide Prevention Mechanism Of The World Health Organization

Suicide Prevention Consultation Paper Suicide Prevention According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Suicide is the second leading cause of death among 15–29-year-old. In the United States, about 22 cases per day. And for every suicide there are many more people who attempt it every year. This shows that suicide is a serious problem affecting our nation. Regarding this matter, Cooper, E. Stewart, Newman, Jody L., Fuqua, Dale R. (2012) state that historically over the years, consultation has been working on solving problems through remediation and developing prevention, planning strategies for education, training and intervention aimed at solving social problems. Social functions of prevention and intervention have been serving†¦show more content†¦The author adds that the consulting process occurs in two methods, depending on the relation between the consultant and the consultee, the first method is an expert† whom the consultant provides information related to problems of case, and who suggest solutions comple tely. The second is process of consultation which is based on a helping relationship with collaborative Partnership. The author explains that depending on the consultation process and the type of expertise given, there are four models of consultation: Provision model in which the consultant provides technical expertise in response to a given problem to a consultee; In Prescription model consultants study problem, diagnoses and settles appropriate correction; For Collaboration model consultant and consultee share responsibility, and work together identifying, designing and implementing a plan to resolve the problem; and Mediation model consists in bringing professional groups to study a problem identified by the consultant. Level of Consultation Other characteristic of the process of consultation by Cooper, Newman, Fuqua (2012) is the Level of Consultation, being the generic model a triadic one represented by consultant, consultee/client and target of the consultation being an individual, family, or organization. The consultant has information to help solving the problems previously identified by consultee or client.

Questions on Milk Markets, Prices, and Price Setting

Supply and demand: Markets, Prices and price setting 1. Explain what happens to price and quantity of milk when the following events occur: a. More people start eating cereal for breakfast. The assumption is that if more people start eating cereal for breakfast, the demand for milk will rise because people use milk on their cereal. There are substitutes for milk, including soy milk, almond milk, and other milk-like products. In addition, some people eat cereal without milk, wetting it with another substance or simply eating it dry. For example, granola-based cereals are often consumed like trail mix, rather than in the traditional bowl-of-milk format. Therefore, there may not be a one-to-one correlation between increased cereal consumption and increased milk consumption. However, if cereal consumption increases and the consumption has the same pattern as current cereal consumption, then milk consumption will increase. This is will increase demand. It is not a change in quantity demanded, but a shift in the demand curve. When the use of one product is tied to the use of another product and use of the first product goes up, demand for the second product will go up and tha t increase in demand will not be dependent upon the price in the original demand curve (Rittenberg Tregarthen, 2009). Therefore, with this shift in the entire demand curve, one would expect prices of milk to rise because demand will hold steady despite an increase in rising prices. b. There is aShow MoreRelatedMarketing Management 552 Final Exam1717 Words   |  7 Pages_____________________ Social Security # ________________ Please read all questions carefully. You have three hours to complete this exam so please take your time and double check all your answers once you are finished. Make sure your name and social security number are on both the exam form and the answer sheet (scantron). Caution: This is only a sample exam. 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‘Fortunate to survive so many enemies for so long’ †discuss this verdict of the Weimar, 1919-24 Free Essays

In November 1918, following the calamity of World War One, the authoritarian German Kaiser Wilhelm II was forced to abdicate. Two months later the Weimar was established. This new authority promised to rule more liberally, and brought hope of freedom and prosperity to the German people. We will write a custom essay sample on ‘Fortunate to survive so many enemies for so long’ – discuss this verdict of the Weimar, 1919-24 or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, from its birth in 1919 to its collapse, the Weimar Republic was to face many problems. Thus, the verdict that the Weimar was fortunate to survive would seem correct. The Weimar began its rule over a country in unfavourable circumstances with considerable deep-routed problems. These dated back to Imperial Germany, and were obvious even before the war. Germany had only been united since 1871. Social tensions had been created by rapid industrialisation that led to changes within the class system, as agriculturists were suspicious of industrial workers taking their place. Also, Germany’s economy was behind; Britain had a larger navy, and colonial policy in Africa was not successful. This led to doubt concerning national efficiency. To make matters worse, Germany was run by a narrow elite who was unsympathetic to the hardships his people faced. Less that half a century later, the First World War further devastated Germany. The country encountered continual military defeats, army mutiny, low morale, poor living and working conditions, food shortages, a lack of consumer goods, inflation and much more. As a result of these pressing problems, the Weimar had little choice but to accept the terms of the ‘Treaty of Versailles’. This had devastating consequences for Germany. Weakening the country economically, Germany was compelled to give up much of its land including industrial regions such as Alsace Lorraine, surrender all of its colonies, dematerialise the Rhineland, disarm its army and eliminate its airforce, and pay reparations of i6,600 million. These things brought further hardship for the German people, as the country was continually drained of its wealth and resources. Socially stunting, Germany was forced to accept all responsibility for starting the war, and to accept article 231; the ‘War Guilt Clause’. This led to an overwhelmingly low morale. Politically, Germany was to have an Ally-friendly liberal government. This was a main cause of the introduction of a new constitution, and heavily influenced the style of the Weimar. The set-up of this new democratic government itself brought problems for Germany. The Weimar adopted a policy of proportional representation. This system worked effectively as long as the politicians were prepared to support the constitution. However, the President was given powers under article 48 which could, in times of ‘national emergency’, be used to undermine the democratic constitution. This was often abused, and led to dictator-like rulers. Also, the new constitution meant that the Republic consisted of many small parties that had to work together in coalition governments with a proportional representation system. This did not work as the parties had very different political views, and so often couldn’t agree on issues. As well as this, many parties within the Weimar actually disagreed with its existence. Leaders of the army, civil service and legal system disliked the new constitution. This lead to certain figures deliberately working against the Republic and stirred trouble in hope that it might fail. The most significant threat came from the President of the Republic from 1925, Field Marshall Paul von Hindenburg. Thus, the Weimar itself led to further weakness in Germany. As well as internal enemies, the Weimar also faced a vast number of outer opposition groups. On the left of German politics, communists such as the Spartacists in 1919, attempted to overthrow the government. On the other extreme, monarchists like Wolfgang Kapp in 1920, or extreme nationalists attempted to destroy democracy in Germany. These revolutions undermined the Weimar, and rallied much opposition from the German people. The opposition also led to other flaws in the Weimar. For example, the Spartacist revolution resulted in the Eber-Groner pact, which was designed to protect Germany from Communism. However, this agreement represented a huge mistake made by Ebert and his SPD colleges in believing that the threat to the Republic came primarily from the left, when later the army wouldn’t help protect the government against Hitler as he was right wing. Also, the very fact that the pact was needed showed that the Weimar was weak. The sum of these factors led to an overall weakness in the Weimar, though some are much more vital that others. Perhaps the most important was Treaty of Versailles, which led to social, economic, and most crucially political unrest as it also contributed to the success of the Weimar’s opponents i. e. the slogan of the ‘November criminals’, or the ‘War guilt clause’ gave the Nazis a useful source of propaganda. Another vital weakness was constitution itself, which allowed both internal and external opponents to attack its weaknesses, such as proportional representation, or Article 48 which Field Marshall Paul von Hindenburg used to undermine the Constituency. Also, many of the factors that led to the Weimar’s weaknesses inter-link with one another, for example the lack of German unity partly resulted due to previous deep-routed problems of Imperial Germany, or the Spartacist revolt that resulted in the unsuccessful Eber-Groner pact. Yet, despite all of these varied problems, the Weimar remained, supporting the statement that it was ‘Fortunate to survive so many enemies for so long’. Yet, there were some factors that worked in favour of the Weimar i. e. many people were simply relieved to have change, and pleased that the soldiers were able to return home. Another helpful act is that in 1926 reparations were reduced, and assistance was given to Germany to help with re-building. Therefore, as well as simply withstanding defeat, the Weimar managed several accomplishments which led to an improvement the German people’ way of life, for example the Constitution solved hyperinflation in 1923, and also improved foreign relations. Plus, after 1924 further improvements were made i. e. Dawes plan by Stresseman. Yet, overall the Weimar’s weaknesses seem to out-weigh its strengths, and hence the statement seems to be an accurate interpretation. How to cite ‘Fortunate to survive so many enemies for so long’ – discuss this verdict of the Weimar, 1919-24, Papers

Diabetes Mellitus and Congestive Heart Failure †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Diabetes Mellitus and Congestive Heart Failure. Answer: Introduction: Congestivecardiac failure is such a chronic progressive condition where the heart functioning as the pump is not adequate for meeting the needs of the body. In other words, affects the pumping power of the heart muscles(Aoyama, 2011). Congestive cardiac failure originates when the ventricles are not able to pump the sufficient blood to the different part of the body . In the case of the Mrs. Sharon McKenzie cause of the congestive cardiac failure is as a result of hypertension which in the case of Mrs. Sharon McKenzie is to be high risk hypertension. Along with this, the narrowing of the coronary arteries can also be the cause of the heart disease (Aoyama, 2011). The incidence of the disease among Mrs. Sharon McKenzie is believed to be higher due to swelling in her ankles and feet and shortness of the breath are the few symptoms related to the disease. Having the history of the Myocardial infarction(MI) for 12 years which occurs due to damage to the heart muscle is also one of the in cidences of the cardiac failure(Aoyama, 2011). Mrs. Sharon McKenzie is77 year old and hence is the common risk factor among the patients of the elderly age. The risk factors which are more vulnerable among the case of the 77 year old woman is the decline in the renal function as a result of the age and with this, there is a decrease in the volume distribution of the digoxin . Among this, there is also an enlargement in the number of comorbid circumstances, together with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cardiovascular, which heighten susceptibility to cardiac failure disease (Odawara, 2011). In the case, Mrs. Sharon likely to drop into such condition as a result of the medication digoxin, and other digitalis is drug alongside with the advanced effectual drugs that interrelate within such as flecainide, verapamil, amiodarone, quinidine, and others (Horvath Bers, 2014). Likewise, Mrs. McKenzies was as well taking medicine like furosemide, enalapril, and warfarin (Horvath Bers, 2014). The daily intake of the 250 mcg of digoxin, is said to be the high dose among the adult patients and mainly among the patients suffering from the congestive cardiac failure, as in the case (Horvath Bers, 2014). The body obtains the healing effect as soon as it stores around 8 to 12 mcg/kg with minimum danger of toxicity among patients having risk of the heart failure and breathing rhythmor normal sinus (Horvath Bers, 2014). Congestive cardiac failure is a life threatening condition and severely impacts the patient and their families (Odawara, 2011). The ill health of Mrs. Sharon McKenzie also suffers her family members mentally disturbed. Certain times the patient suffering from the cardiac failure lacks the social support, higher the support socially higher will the rate of healing (Farmakis, Triposkiadis, Lekakis Parissis, 2016). Common signs and symptoms: The individuals suffering from the cardiac failure will observe certain signs and symptoms which are discussed in the table below with the pathophysiology Signs and symptoms pathophysiology Severe ventricular arrhythmias: The patients complain dizziness, fluttering, lightheadedness, pounding, quivering, chest discomfort, breath shortness, and painful fast heart beats are reported commonly among the patients (Taytawat, 2013). Arrhythmogenesis is most likely the general procedure and marks from re-entry. It results in the change in the state of mood and mind too(Taytawat, 2013). Triggered action happen as early after depolarization and overdue after depolarization begin spontaneous numerous depolarization, impetuous ventricular arrhythmias Hypokalemia: The symptoms of the low potassium results tiredness, pain in arms, weakness, pain in the muscles of legs and this at times is so severe that causes the inability of moving the arms and legs(Taytawat, 2013). Tingling Vomiting or Nausea Bloating and Abdominal cramping Constipation Feeling the heart beat erratically The rate of passing the urine is too high concurrently feeling thirsty(Taytawat, 2013). Low levels of the potassium results myositis hyper excitable or hypo-polarized (Taytawat, 2013). Hyperkalemia The higher rate of the potassium in the blood affects the functioning of the heart. Hyperkalemia symptoms include Slow heart rate Abnormal heart rhythm Weakness (Desai, 2012) Hyperkalemia result due to rise in the level of potassium in the body and secondary due to an imbalance of intake vs. emission or as of misdistribution between extra and intra cellular space (Desai, 2012) Neurologic Symptoms: Visual disturbances, confusion, and disorientation. bright spots, blurry vision, or practicing blind spots (Aoyama, 2011) Urinate the less or more. The body also becomes swollen (Aoyama, 2011). Neurological symptoms physiologies are not simple to judge and are to be too complex and getting of them are mostly incomplete authentic physiologies of neurological symptom are interrelated and intricate (Aoyama, 2011) Sinus Node Dysfunction: Include weakness, syncope, effort intolerance and palpitations. Diagnosis through ECG Pacemaker required for the Symptomatic patients(Desai, 2012) SND causes abnormalities in Sinus node impulse structure and propagation that also causes malformation in the atrium and in the heart conduction system (Desai, 2012). While studying the sign and the symptoms it is clear that in the case Mrs. Sharon McKenzie is suffering from the congestive cardiac failure and hence requires the treatment related to the disease. Two common classes of drugs used for congestive cardiac failure patient: The drugs classes which will be beneficial for treating Mrs. Sharon McKenzie an elderly patient suffering from the congestive cardiac failure are discussed below: The first drug class which proves to be beneficial during the treatment is the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors which results in the broadness among the blood vessels and further reduces the amount of the work that is to done by the heart along with this many direct helpful consequences on the heart. Such drug helps in the reduction of the symptoms and also the need or requirnment for the hospitalisation and is helpful in increasing the life of the individual(Higgins et..al, 2013) . The ACE inhibitors get the better outcome among the patients with systolic dysfunction, several patients with hypertension practices congestive heart failure as a result of the diastolic dysfunction that is associated with the left ventricular hypertrophy(Yu, Chair, Chan Choi, 2016). ACE inhibitors result in reversing the left ventricular hypertrophy among the patients suffering from hypertension. The meta-analysis effect of certain antihypertensive agents recommends that ACE inhibitors be the largely effectual agent in dipping the left ventricular hypertrophy(Yu, Chair, Chan Choi, 2016). The other class of the drug which is to be suggested is the Beta-blockers which lowers the heart rate and blocks the unnecessary blockage that is present in the heart(Yu, Chair, Chan Choi, 2016). Such classification of the drug is also uselful in the heart disease and is mainly used with the ACE inhibitors for providing an additional benefit. Beta blockers may for the time being worsen indicators but in the long-term results an improvement in the functioning of the heart(Yu, Chair, Chan Choi, 2016). Beta blocker class drugs are supportive in improving the purpose of the deteriorating LV and require preventing or reversing progressive LV dilation, chamber, sphericity, and hypertrophy(Kollia, Giakoumidakis Brokalaki, 2016) . The drug Beta blockers as well decrease the rate of the heart beating and the stress among the LV wall (Kollia, Giakoumidakis Brokalaki, 2016). The recent research in the laboratories also proves that the beta blockers satisfy the cardiomyocyte apoptosis in the heart failure. Discussed are the basic benefits and advantageous of a beta blocker for the heart patients at any of the higher stage (Kollia, Giakoumidakis Brokalaki, 2016). Nursing care strategies: Mrs. Sharon was an elderly patient of age 77 years, she needs a due care and soft treatment. She is also having the past history of the MI which is also to be kept in mind while suggesting her medications and treatment related to the congestive cardiac failure. In the case of congestive cardiac failure will have a regular monitoring of the renal function with this the auscultator and edema of lungs(Hutchinson, Meyer Marshall, 2015). The major aim of the treatment is decreasing the level of the cardiac failure and conforting the immediate medical help while confronting the breath shortness which includes the wide-ranging supportive care; Discontinuing the digoxin and avoidance of additional exposure; management of the specific antibody fragments such as digoxin immune Fab; treating certain specific complications such as electrolyte abnormalities and dysrhythmias (Hutchinson, Meyer Marshall, 2015). The supportive care comprises to attach patients to the cardiac check, providing IV fluids to the patient with volume depletion or hypotension, supplemental oxygen, or repletion of electrolytes among the patients having the electrolyte abnormalities (Benjamin, 2012). In the case of Mrs. Sharon McKenzie, hyperkalemia is corrected with insulin/glucose in the case measured as life-threatening, as a result of risk constructing hypokalemia, because the level of potassium in her case is low i.e. 2.5 mmol/l (Benjamin, 2012). In a study, it is cleared that insulin act together straight with Na(+)/K(+) ATPase force and modify the effect of digoxin (Nielsen, Duncan Pozehl, 2018). This ropes the decision that patients suffering from diabetes, insulin proves to have the cardio protective effects after digoxin intoxication (Benjamin, 2012). Calcium is not applied for treating the hyperkalemia patients with assumed digoxin toxicity and may induce the cardiac arrest (Nielsen, Duncan Pozehl, 2018). Bradycardia management Mrs. Sharon McKenzies ECG report reveals sinus bradycardia, which is to be treated through atropine. Atropine is advised after every 3 to 5 minutes till there is a reply or maximum dose 3mg is reached (Nielsen, Duncan Pozehl, 2018). In the case, Mrs. Sharon McKenzie shows the hemodynamic insufficiency or hypotension, dizziness or altered consciousness signs, digoxin resistant Fab is provided as the primary management(Benjamin, 2012). The monitoring and the change in the medicine are also one of the significant nursing strategies at the time of congestive cardiac failure. Preferably, digoxin is to be discontinued and an altered medicine for control of rate or the dissimilar inotrope is to be prescribed for atrial flutter or respectively(Benjamin, 2012). References Aoyama, N. (2011). Treatment for Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction During the Acute Phase.Journal Of Cardiac Failure,17(9), S125. Benjamin, I. (2012). Targeting Endoglin, an Auxiliary Transforming Growth Factor Coreceptor, to Prevent Fibrosis and Heart Failure.Circulation,125(22), 2689-2691. Desai, A. (2012). The Three-Phase Terrain of Heart Failure Readmissions.Circulation: Heart Failure,5(4), 398-400. Farmakis, D., Triposkiadis, F., Lekakis, J., Parissis, J. (2016). Heart failure in haemoglobinopathies: pathophysiology, clinical phenotypes, andmanagement.European Journal Of Heart Failure,19(4), 479-489. Higgins, R., Navaratnam, H., Murphy, B., Walker, S., Marian UC Worcester, M. (2013). Outcomes of a chronic heart failure training program for health professionals.Journal Of Nursing Education And Practice,3(7). Horvath, B., Bers, D. (2014). The late sodium current in heart failure: pathophysiology and clinical relevance.ESC Heart Failure,1(1), 26-40. Hutchinson, P., Meyer, A., Marshall, B. (2015). Factors Influencing Outpatient Cardiac Rehabilitation Attendance.Rehabilitation Nursing,40(6), 360-367. Kollia, Z., Giakoumidakis, K., Brokalaki, H. (2016). The Effectiveness of Nursing Education on Clinical Outcomes of Patients With Heart Failure: A Systematic Review.Jundishapur Journal Of Chronic Disease Care,5(2). Nielsen, J., Duncan, K., Pozehl, B. (2018). Patient-Selected Strategies for Post Cardiac Rehabilitation Exercise Adherence in Heart Failure.Rehabilitation Nursing, 1. Odawara, M. (2011). Diabetes Mellitus and Congestive Heart Failure.Journal Of Cardiac Failure,17(9), S139. Taytawat, P. (2013). Reversible Pulmonary Hypertension and Isolated Right Heart Failure Associated With Multiple Myeloma.Chest,144(4), 155A. Yu, M., Chair, S., Chan, C., Choi, K. (2016). Information needs of patients with heart failure: Health professionals' perspectives.International Journal Of Nursing Practice,22(4), 348-355.